Start & Images     TitlePage   Preface   Contents     Volcanic Events, pg. 2 Mount St. Helens History, pg. 3-15 Eyewitnesses, pg. 53-67 Absolute Times, pg. 81-82, 86 Activity Sequence, pg. 127-134 Gas Studies, pg. 190-191

Chemical Compositions, pg. 233-250 Ash Clouds, pg. 323-333 Blast Dynamics, pg. 379-400 Rapid Deposition, pg. 466-478 Phreatic Explosions, pg. 509-511 New Lava Dome, pg. 540-544 Ash-Fall Deposits, pg. 568-584 Water Chemistries, pg. 659-664 River Water Quality, pg. 719-731

VOLCANIC EVENTS

The eruptive history of Mount St. Helens.
D. R. Mullineaux and D. R. Crandell ... 3

Chronology of the 1980 eruptive activity.

R. L. Christiansen and D. W. Peterson ...................................... 17

Oblique aerial photography, March-October 1980.

R. M. Krimmel and Austin Post ............................................ 31
 

Summary of eyewitness accounts of the May 18 eruption.

J. G. Rosenbaum and R. B. Waitt, Jr. ....................................... 53

Time scale for the first moments of the May 18 eruption.

Barry Voight ........... 69

GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING

Seismic studies

Locations, magnitudes, and statistics of the March 20-May 18 earthquake sequence.
E. T. Endo, S. D. Malone, L. L. Noson, and C. S. Weaver ..................... 93

Post-May 18 seismicity: volcanic and tectonic implications.

C. S. Weaver, W. C. Grant, S. D. Malone, and E. T. Endo ................... 109

Deformation studies

Topographic and structural changes,
March-July 1980--photogrammetric data.

J. G. Moore and W. C. Albee ............................................. 123
 

Topographic changes at Mount St. Helens: large-scale photogrammetry and digital terrain models.
Raymond Jordan and H. H. Kieffer .......................... 135

Bulging of the north flank before the May 18 eruption--geodetic data.

P. W. Lipman, J. G. Moore, and D. A. Swanson ............................ 143
 

Geodetic monitoring after the May 18 eruption.
D. A. Swanson, P. W. Lipman, J. G. Moore, C. C. Heliker,
and K. M. Yamashita ........................... 157

Summary of electronic tilt studies at Mount St. Helens.

John Dvorak, A. T. Okamura, Carl Mortensen, and M. J. S. Johnston ......... 169
 

Temporal gravity variations at Mount St. Helens, March-May 1980.

R. C. Jachens, D. R. Spydell, G. S. Pitts, Daniel Dzurisin, and C. W. Roberts ... 175
 

Volcanomagnetic observations during eruptions, May-August 1980.

M. J. S. Johnston, R. J. Mueller, and John Dvorak ........................... 183
 

Gas studies

SO₂ emission rates at Mount St. Helens from March 29 through December, 1980.
T. J. Casadevall, D. A. Johnston, D. M. Harris, W. I. Rose, Jr.,
L. L. Malinconico, R. E. Stoiber, T. J. Bornhorst, S. N. Williams,
Laurel Woodruff, and J. M. Thompson ................................................... 193

Emission rates of CO₂ from plume measurements.
D. M. Harris, Motoaki Sato, T. J. Casadevall, W. I. Rose, Jr.,
and T. J. Bornhorst ............................. 201

Continuous monitoring of hydrogen on the south flank of Mount St. Helens.
Motoaki Sato and K. A. McGee ........................................... 209

The chemistry of gases emanating from Mount St. Helens, May-September 1980.
T. J. Casadevall and L. P. Greenland ...................................... 221

Analyses of gas samples from the summit crater.

W. C. Evans, N. G. Banks, and L. D. White ................................ 227
 

Properties of gases and waters of deep origin near Mount St. Helens.
J. Barnes, D. A. Johnston, W. C. Evans, T. S. Presser,
R. H. Mariner, and L. D. White .... 233

Fumarole encrustations: occurrence, mineralogy, and chemistry.

T. E. C. Keith, T. J. Casadevall, and D. A. Johnston ......................... 239
 

Use of ash leachates to monitor gas emissions.

N. L. Nehring and D. A. Johnston ......................................... 251
 

Thermal studies

Thermal infrared surveys at Mount St. Helens--observations prior to the eruption of May 18.
H. H. Kieffer, David Frank, and J. D. Friedman ...................257

Thermal infrared surveys of the May 18 crater, subsequent lava domes, and
associated volcanic deposits.

J. D. Friedman, David Frank, H. H. Kieffer, and D. L. Sawatzky .............. 279
 

Summary of temperature studies of 1980 deposits.

N. G. Banks and R. P. Hoblitt ............................................ 295
 

Fir leaves as thermometers during the May 18 eruption.

W. E. Winner and T. J. Casadevall ........................................ 315
 

Remote monitoring

Radar observations of ash eruptions.

D. M. Harris, W. L Rose, Jr., Robert Roe, and M. R. Thompson .............. 323

Volcano monitoring by closed-circuit television.

C. D. Miller and R. P. Hoblitt .. 335
 

VOLCANIC DEPOSITS

Debris-avalanche

Catastrophic rockslide avalanche of May 18.
Barry Voight, Harry Glicken, R. J. Janda, and P. M. Douglass ................. 347

Directed-blast deposits

Fluid dynamics of the May 18 blast at Mount St. Helens.
S. W. Kieffer ......... 379

Origin and stratigraphy of the deposit produced by the May 18 directed blast.

R. P. Hoblitt, C. D. Miller, and J. W. Vallance .............................. 401
 

Deposits and effects of the May 18 pyroclastic surge.

J. G. Moore and T. W. Sisson ............................................. 421
 

Devastating pyroclastic density flow and attendant air fall of
May 18--stratigraphy and sedimentology of deposits.
R. B. Waitt, Jr. .............................................................. 439

Mudflow deposits

Lahar movement, effects, and deposits.

R. J. Janda, K. M. Scott, K. M. Nolan, and H. A. Martinson .................. 461
 

Chronology of mudflows in the South Fork and North Fork
Toutle River following the May 18 eruption.
John Cummans ...................................... 479

Pumiceous pyroclastic- flow deposits

Pyroclastic-flow deposits.
P. D. Rowley, M. A. Kuntz, and N. S. Macleod .............. 489

Morphology and rheology of pyroclastic flows and their
deposits, and guidelines for future observations.
Lionel Wilson and J. W. Head .......................... 513

Petrography and particle-size distribution of
pyroclastic-flow, ash-cloud, and surge deposits.
M. A. Kuntz, P. D. Rowley, N. S. MacLeod, R. L. Reynolds,
L. A. McBroome, A. M. Kaplan, and D. J. Lidke ........................... 525

Lava domes

Growth of lava domes in the crater, June 1980-January 1981.

J. G. Moore, P. W. Lipman, D. A. Swanson, and Tau Rho Alpha .............541
 

Physical properties of the June 1980 dacite dome.

G. R. Olhoeft, R. L. Reynolds, J. D. Friedman,

G. R. Johnson, and G. R. Hunt ........................................... 549
 

Heat content and thermal energy of the June dacite dome

in relation to total energy yield, May-October 1980.

J. D. Friedman, G. R. Olhoeft, G. R. Johnson, and David Frank ............ 557

Air-fall deposits

Premagmatic ash erupted from March 27 through May 14, 1980--
extent, mass, volume, and composition.
A. M. Sarna-Wojcicki, R. B. Waitt, Jr., M. J. Woodward,
Susan Shipley, and Jose Rivera ...................................... 569

Areal distribution, thickness, mass, volume, and grain size
of air-fall ash from the six major eruptions of 1980.
A. M. Sama-Wojcicki, Susan Shipley, R. B. Waitt, Jr.,
Daniel Dzurisin, and S. H. Wood .......................................... 577

Proximal air-fall deposits from the May 18 eruption--stratigraphy
and field sedimentology.
R. B. Waitt, Jr., and Daniel Dzurisin .........................601

Proximal air-fall deposits of eruptions between May 24 and
August 7, 1980--stratigraphy and field sedimentology.
R. B. Waitt, Jr., V. L. Hansen, A. M. Sama-Wojcicki, and S. H. Wood ........ 617

Geochemistry of the deposits

Compositional variations in 1980 magmatic deposits.
P. W. Lipman, D. R. Norton, J. E. Taggart, Jr.,
E. L. Brandt, and E. E. Engleman .......................... 631

Preemption temperatures and oxygen fugacitites in the 1980 eruptive sequence.
W. G. Melson and C. A. Hopson .........................................641

Alteration of new volcanic deposits.

D. P. Dethier, D. R. Pevear, and David Frank ............................... 649
 

Composition of air-fall ash erupted on May 18, May 25, June 12, July 22, and August 7.

A. M, Sama-Wojcicki, C. E. Meyer, M. J. Woodward, and P. J. Lamothe ...... 667
 

Methods of analysis of samples using X-ray fluorescence and induction-coupled plasma spectroscopy.
J. E. Taggart, Jr., F. E. Lichte, and J. S. Wahlberg ........ 683

EFFECTS OF THE 1980 ERUPTIONS

The impact of mudflows of May 18 on the lower Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers.
 R. E. Lombard, M. B. Miles, L. M. Nelson, D. L. Kresh, and P.J. Carpenter .... 693

Effects of the eruptions on civil works and operations in the Pacific Northwest.

R. L. Schuster .......................................................... 701
 

Some effects of the May 18 eruption of
Mount St. Helens on river-water quality.

J. M. Klein ............................................................. 719
 

Effects on a blue-green alga of leachates of ash from the May 18 eruption.

D. M. McKnight, G. L. Feder, and E. A. Stiles .............................. 733
 

Response of glaciers to the eruptions of Mount St. Helens.

M. M. Brugman and M. F. Meier .......................................... 743
 

Effect of ash thickness on snow ablation.

C. L. Driedger ...................... 757
 

Ash-fall effects on the chemistry of wheat and the Ritzville soil series, eastern Washington.
L. P. Cough, R. C. Severson, F. E. Lichte, J. L. Peard, M. L. Tuttle,
C. S. E. Papp, T. F. Harms, and K. S. Smith ................................ 761

ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS

Hazards assessments at Mount St. Helens.
C. D. Miller, D. R. Mullineaux, and D. R. Crandell. .........................789

Prediction and hazards assessments

Seismic monitoring for eruption prediction.
S. D. Malone, E. T. Endo, C. S. Weaver, and J. W. Ramey ................... 803

The 1980 activity--a case study in forecasting volcanic eruptions.

R. W. Decker .......................................... 815
 

Analysis of possible effects

Stability of blockage in North Fork Toutle River.

T. L. Youd, R. C. Wilson, and R. L. Schuster ............................... 821
 

Computer assessments of potential flood hazards from breaching of two

debris dams, Toutle River and Cowlitz River systems.

M. E. Jennings, V. R. Schneider, and P. E. Smith ............................ 829
 

Index .................................................................. 837