Dr. Kent Hovind - Seminar 6 - The Hovind Theory - English Throughout the world, geologists and paleontologists find physical anomalies that they cannot explain with the evolutionary theory. Hello, I'm John Gusti, and through a blending of scripture and scientific observation, the Hovind Theory is a fascinating explanation of the Flood, the Ice Age, the formation of coal, mountain ridges, and the Grand Canyon. Dr. Kent Hovind - Seminar 6 - The Hovind Theory - in English Well thank you for joining us; it's a honor to be here at Tennessee Temple University. All three of my kids went to school here. I almost went to school here years ago. I was registered and enrolled but ended up going to Mid-Western instead, Mid-Western Baptist College. But it's good to be here in Chattanooga, Tennessee. I'm going to share with you this morning what we call the Hovind Theory. What caused the Flood in the days of Noah? I think Christians better have a good answer to the skeptics and scoffers. If you do any kind of evangelism at all, if you try to win anybody to the Lord, you're going run into people who have a big obstacle to overcome called the Evolution Theory. They've all been taught for years and years and years that the earth is billions of years old. They think it took billions of years to form the different layers of geologic strata. You're going to have to overcome all that if you're going to win them to the Lord. First thing a missionary has to do is learn the language so he can talk to the people he's trying to reach. And I think we as Christians had better learn some of the language and be able to reach the people we're trying to reach in this community, and around the world for that matter. Now, the Bible teaches that the earth is about six thousand years old, not billions of years old. If that's true, then we had better explain some things. How did we get these giant canyons on earth like the Grand Canyon? Even the canyons on Mars that are bigger than the Grand Canyon? How do we explain that? How do we explain the frozen mammoths? They were the big huge hairy hippy elephants that are frozen, even standing up for some of them? Where did all the water for the Flood come from? Where did the water go after the Flood was over? These are fair questions that the atheists are asking and we better have an answer for them. Where does the Ice Age fit into the Bible? Why did Kangaroos end up only in Australia? Where was the Garden of Eden? What did God do before the Creation? I mean there are thousands of questions that we as Christians are going to come up against as we deal with the lost, trying to bring them to Christ. It is my prayer that this session, or Video #6 of our series, The Hovind Theory, will give you an outline or theory of world history that will give you the skeleton to hang the meat on. This is just a theory. I'm not particularly attached to any particular theories. If anybody finds something wrong I'll change it. But a lot of people have influenced this and so far, after sixteen years of preaching and teaching on this topic I have not found any serious flaws with the theory. So if you come up with any, please let me know. We're going to cover three main things today. One: The Creation, which we covered earilier on seminar part 2; we'll just touch on that. Two: The Curse, God putting a curse on the ground. Three: And then the Catastrophe, the Great Flood. What caused the Flood in the days of Noah? We start off with the Creation. The Bible says, “In the beginning God created the heaven and earth.” Before the Flood came, the Bible says the people lived to be over nine hundred years old. Do you realize that you could learn a lot in nine hundred years? Many people have never even thought of this but Adam spoke every language in the world. Well, there was only one. And he was married to the prettiest girl in the world too, by the way. Things were very different before the Flood came. We cover all of that on Video tape #2 of our series, so get Seminar Two "The Garden of Eden". The Bible says in Second Peter, Chapter three: “Knowing this first, that there shall come in the last days scoffers....” Did you know that there are people who scoff at the Bible? And the reason they scoff is because of their lusts. They don't want God telling them what to do. That's the bottom line every single time. I've never seen an exception to that after doing over ninety debates in Universities and about a seven thousand radio and TV call-in talk shows. I'm convinced that the only reason people scoff at the Scriptures is because of their lust. There is no scientific reason to reject the Bible and there's no scientific reason to accept evolution. But they just don't like God telling them what to do, that is the bottom line. The scoffers are going to say, “Where is the promise of his coming? ... "...For since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of the creation.” This is called the Uniformitarian doctrine. The way things are happening now is the way they've always been happening, long, slow, gradual processes. We cover more on that in Video Tape #4, "Lies in the Textbooks". The Bible says the scoffers are willingly ignorant - "willingly ignorant". In the Greek, that means “dumb on purpose”. The scoffers are willing ignorant of how God made the heavens. And notice heaven is plural (heavens), and how the earth was standing in the water and out of the water. We cover more on that in Video Tape #2 in our series, “What the Garden of Eden was Like”. But the scoffers are ignorant of the Creation and they are ignorant of the Flood. See, the world was overflowed with water and perished. The two things that scoffers are ignorant of are the Creation, which was about six thousand years ago, and the Flood, about forty-four hundred years ago. They don't want to admit that God created the world because that would mean he owns it and He makes the rules. They don't want to admit that there was a Flood because that means he has the authority to judge his Creation. And I think we as Christians had better have a good understanding of what that creation was like and what that flood did to the world. That way we can understand how things are today. We will be better prepared to evangelize this world we are called upon to reach. Now the scoffers are also ignorant of the coming judgment. There's a judgment coming soon, folks, to a city near you. Well, the scoffers don't like the Creation idea, and they don't like the Flood idea. And they sure don't like the coming judgment idea. But if we can get a good understanding on these three things then I think we will be more effective in our evangelism of this world. The Bible teaches the world was created about six thousand years ago and God made a perfect creation. Dinosaurs lived with Adam and Eve; and it was a wonderful place. We cover more of that in Seminar Two. But then God put a curse on the ground because of their sin. The Lord said, “Adam, where are you?” He was hiding, of course, because of his sin. He said, “Hast you eaten of the tree whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat of it?” Adam's first response. God said, “Adam? Have you eaten of the tree?” Adam says, “The woman, that you gave me.” He tries to pass the buck. “Well God, this is really your fault that I did this, because if you hadn't given her to me I wouldn't have this problem. And if you hadn't made her in the first place we wouldn't have this problem.” Everybody does that, trying to pass the buck. “Lord, the woman you made.” In other words, it is her fault and your fault. But finally he confessed and says, “Yes, I ate of the tree.” And then God says to the woman, “What have you done?” And Eve said, “The serpent”, (implying “that you made”) “tricked me and I ate.” She finally reluctantly confessed. And then God said to the serpent, “You're going to be cursed and crawl on your belly all your life.” He said to the woman, “One of your curses is that the man is going to rule over you.” It's one of the curses, girls. The husband gets to be the boss. And it is a curse in many cases. And to the man, God said, “I'm going to curse the ground for your sake. Cursed is the ground for thy sake.” This is a fascinating verse. God said, “Adam, I'm going to curse the ground - for your own good.” It's good that the ground is cursed because now you have to work for a living. This is going to keep you busy. You're going to work all day; you are going to go home tired. What if God provided everything for everybody all the time and you never had to work a moment in your life. All we would do is sit around and think up ways to get into trouble. That's one of the problems of welfare. The Bible says God's welfare program is real simple. If you don't work, you don't eat. That was my welfare program with my kids when they were growing up; if you don't work, you don't eat. It doesn't take long for them to get their chores done. In the morning you give them a list to do. You know, you make your bed, do your homework, clean your room, et cetera. You sit down for supper, you all pray together, “Lord, bless the bunch as they crunch their lunch. Amen.” And you go, “Stop, before anybody eats, let's see. I noticed son that your bedroom is not clean, ... and daughter, your homework is not done, so you guys go finish that and come back and eat when you are done.” You only have to do that once to get their attention. If you don't work, you don't eat. That's God's welfare program. But in America today, we have a serious problem because we pay people to not work. And God said, “Cursed is the ground for thy sake.” Work is one of the best things for you. It's a wonderful therapy. The Lord said, “In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, and then you're going to return to the dust when it's over.” You're going to die. And then the along came the flood in the days of Noah. That is in Genesis, Chapter six. This is what we're going to focus on for most of the day. God saw the wickedness of man was great in the earth and the imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. And repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth. It grieved God at his heart and the Lord said, “I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth; ... ...both man, and beast, and the creeping thing, for it repenteth me that I have made them.” And the earth was filled with violence. Everybody was wicked. And God said, “That's it, Noah, go build a boat.” And God said, “Make thee an ark.” And Noah said to his boys, “Hey boys, go for wood. We are going to build a boat.” And so they went and got all of this wood and they built a big boat. And we will cover more on that. Now people say, “Wait a minute. Now hold on. Why would God make a flood for the whole world? Why not just kill all the bad people? Isn't that kind of cruel to destroy the whole world? After all, the penguins didn't sin.” Well, we know that God destroyed the whole world. I think there are some things to consider about this flood. Number one, the Flood left evidence where a miracle would not. If God had just said, “Okay, I want everybody to die, except for Noah and his family”, then what evidence would be left behind from that? The effects are here today for us to see and remember the judgment of God on sin. Plus, by God telling Noah to build the boat, that gave everybody warning time. Here is Noah out there for many years, some people say seven years, some people say a hundred and twenty years. The Bible doesn't say, but Noah is building this ark for a long time. People are watching him put this big boat together and said, “Noah, are you crazy? What are you doing?” He says, “Man, it's going to rain.” Now keep in mind, I don't think you can prove this dogmatically, but it probably never rained before the Flood came. So Noah was preaching about something that had never happened. He said, “Hey guys, guess what. Rain is going to fall out of the sky.” Everybody is looking around saying, “Yeah right, that's never happened.” They thought that he was nuts. Hey, we're doing the same thing today as Christians. We're going around saying, “Hey, one of these days and angel is going to come down with the Lord and they're going to come through the clouds and blow a trumpet and the Southern Baptists rise first, (you know the dead in Christ go first) and then the rest of us are going to take off for heaven.” And everybody is looking at us and saying, “Yeah right. Nobody has ever heard a trumpet blown from a cloud and seen people take off for the clouds. That's just never happened.” We are preaching that something is going to happen that has never happened in the history of humanity. That's what Noah was doing. He was preaching something that was going to happen and what he was preaching about had never happened. So while he was preaching, this gave people a chance to repent. People say, “Wait a minute. How could the whole world flood? Could it rain enough to cover Mount Everest?" I was in a debate one time and the skeptic stood up and said, “Hovind, do you realize, when it rains, it releases heat into the atmosphere.” I said, “Yes sir, I taught physics. It's called latency of condensation. What's your question?” He said, “Well, if it rained enough to cover Mount Everest, the heat would cook the entire world.” I said, “You are exactly right.” He said, “But don't you think it rained enough to cover Mount Everest?” I said, “No, I've never said that.” He said, “Well, do you think Mount Everest was covered?” I said, “Well, I don't think Mount Everest was there.” I don't think the mountains even formed until late in the Flood. The Bible covers that in Psalm 104. We'll get into that later when we talk about the mountain ranges forming on this planet. But no, I don't think it rained enough to cover Mount Everest. I don't know any Christians that teach that. I think what happened was that the whole world was covered with water, but the water didn't come from rain. Very little water for the Flood actually came from rain. So the skeptics have built up this straw man that if it rained enough to cover Mount Everest it would cook the world. That is correct, but it's an artificial argument. That's not where the water came from. There are several theories about what caused the Great Flood that happened back in the days of Noah. I'm going to share with you my theory in a few minutes, "the Hovind Theory", about what may have caused it. We call it that because I don't want anybody else to take the blame for it if it is wrong. I will take the blame if it's wrong. And this will not be really evangelistic. It's just a matter of giving you some scientific evidence to put things together in your mind. Then you can say, “Wow, maybe that's what happened.” And it can give you an answer to some of the skeptics and scoffers and atheists. We need to understand a couple of things. The original creation was very different. The Bible says that there was not only the earth but that there was water inside the crust of the earth. It was under the top crust of the earth actually. Psalm 24 says, “The earth is the Lord's, he hath founded it upon the seas.” That's an interesting verse. The earth was built on top of the water. Psalm 33, “He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap: he layeth up the depth in storehouses.” What today is in the oceans on the surface used to be in the crust of the earth, stored in deep chambers. Psalm 136, “He stretched out the earth above the waters.” Better read that verse carefully. It is giving us a powerful clue about what the original creation was like. And then the "fountains of the deep" broke open. The water which used to be in the crust went shooting to the surface when the fountains of the deep broke open. The Bible says in Job 38, “Who shall shut up the sea with doors when it brake forth, when it issued out of the womb?” I'll tell you what, when a baby is born, the water comes breaking out of the womb, it is an amazing process. One of my friends was in college; his wife was standing there cooking breakfast in the kitchen, and her water broke. Just like she wet her pants, it was all over the floor. Her husband came running in, “What happened, what happened?” and he slipped and broke his arm. She had to drive him to the hospital to get his arm set. What a mess when babies are born. I delivered one of my kids at home; and when the water issues out of the womb, it is a royal mess. And God is telling us here in the book of Job, God is talking here in chapter 38, that when the water issued out of the earth, it just burst out of the earth. It goes on and says, “And brake up for it my decreed place, and put bars and doors, and said, ... ... Hitherto shalt thou come but no further: and here shall thy proud waves be stayed.” I believe the earth broke up at the time of the Flood and we still have the scars all over the planet where this happened. They are called fault lines. I lived right by the Saint Andréas fault. I've studied the Hayward fault, the New Madrid fault, and the Golden fault, but none of them are my fault. But I've studied them. There's no question that the earth is busted up into plates. And there's no question that these plates are moving. When they move it can cause tsunamis and earthquakes and volcanoes. There's no question that stuff happens. The question is “when did this happen to the earth?” I think it happened about 4,400 years ago at the very beginning of the Flood. And evolutionists will say, “Don't you see that's proof of Pangaea. These continents fit together. Can't you see how South America and Africa seem to fit?” Well hold on a minute. How many of you have heard of Pangaea? They teach it in the textbooks like it is some kind of fact, “All the continents used to fit together.” I say, “Guys, now wait a minute. There are a couple things to consider about this Pangaea theory.” Before you get too excited. First of all, they'll say South America and Africa seem to fit. Yeah, my house and the neighbors house would fit too if you slid them together. What does that prove? Nothing. It doesn't prove that the street oozed up in-between them and the houses slid apart. It's a pure coincidence. The shape of these continents is an absolute pure coincidence based upon the water level. The evidence they use for continental drift is interesting. They'll say the shapes of the continents seem to fit. Similar fossils are found on opposite sides of the ocean. Well, that may be true. But it's also true that those same fossils are found literally all over the world. Those fossils found all over the world are just as much evidence for a flood. In a world wide flood, how far could the dead animals float around? Quite a ways, right? And then they'll say there are magnetic reversals in the Mid-Atlantic ridge. Now hold on a minute. They don't tell you they shrank Africa nearly thirty-five or forty percent to make the fit, do they? They don't tell you that Mexico and Central America are gone. "Sir, where are Mexico, Panama, Costa Rica, and Guatemala?" They don't tell you that Europe and South America were rotated counter-clockwise and Africa was rotated clockwise to make them fit. And they also don't tell you what I think ought to be obvious to a kindergartener. Did you know that if you took the water out of the oceans you would notice there is dirt underneath? I mean the oceans actually have a bottom to them. How many of you knew that already? They do have a bottom. So people say, “Do you think the continents were ever connected?” I say, “Well duh, they're still connected right now. What do you mean ‘were they connected'? They are still connected. They've always been connected.” The earth has a crust. At the low places they're full of water; I understand. But the textbooks say, “Well yes, but there's magnetic reversals at the bottom of the Mid-Atlantic ridge." Well that's simply bologna. There are no reversed polarity areas unless it's where rocks flipped over when the fountains of the deep broke open. That may have happened if some areas. But this is a lie talking about magnetic reversals. Even one author wrote in a book “Deep Crustal Drilling in the North Atlantic Ocean”, Science Magazine, volume 204. He said, “It's clear that the simple model of uniformly magnetized crustal blocks of alternating polarity does not represent reality.” What they show you in your textbooks is not reality. Now Dr. Walt Brown has a great book called: “In the Beginning”. I disagree with Walt Brown on a couple of key things, but he's a friend of mine. A brilliant man, with a PhD in physics, he taught at the Air Force Academy for years. He has a website: www.creationscience.com I highly recommend his book in spite of our minor disagreements. He's got some great stuff in here on so-called magnetic reversals. No, there are no magnetic reversals. They are only stronger and weaker magnetism. It's actually a jumbled up mess down there at the Mid-Atlantic ridge. See, the earth has lost 10% of its magnetic strength in the last 150 years. It's lost 40% of its strength in the last thousand years. There is pretty overwhelming evidence that the earth's magnetic field is getting weaker. What does that mean? Well that means it used to be stronger. And if the earth's magnetic field is getting weaker, this creates a problem because if you go back in time about 25,000 years, the magnetic strength would have been too great for life to exist on Earth because of the heat generated. And so the evolutionists have to find an answer for this problem. “Hey, we're watching the magnetic field decline, so it must be going through reversals.” It has never been observed to reverse, it has only been observed to decline. I think Walt Brown has the best theory on continental drift. Let me play this for you real quickly. This is what's called the Hydroplate Theory by Dr. Brown. To me, it answers a lot of questions. “We can see on our planet seventeen very strange features that can now be systematically explained as a result of a cataclysmic global flood, whose waters erupted from sub-terreanean chamber with an energy release exceeding the explosion of 10 billion hydrogen bombs. This explanation shows us just how rapidly major mountains formed. It explains the coal and oil deposits, rapid continental drift, and why the ocean floors have huge trenches with hundreds of canyons and volcanoes. It explains the formation of the layered strata and most of the fossil record. And the so called “Ice Ages”, and major land canyons, especially the Grand Canyon. The pre-flood earth probably had one very large supercontinent containing lush vegetation, seas, rivers, and minor mountains. According to the Hydroplate Theory, the pre-flood earth had a lot of subterranean water. That would be about half of what is now in our oceans. This water was in interconnected chambers forming a thin, spherical shell, about half a mile thick. It was perhaps ten miles below the earth's surface. Increasing pressure in the sub-terranean water chamber, stretched the overlying crust. It would be just as a balloon stretches when the pressure inside increases. Failure in the crust began with a microscopic crack which grew in both directions, at about three miles per second! The crack, following the path of least resistance, encircled the globe in about two hours. As the crack raced around the earth, the overlying crust opened up like a rip in a tightly stretched cloth. The sub-terrainian water was under extreme pressure because of the weight of the ten miles of rock pressing down on it. So the water exploded violently out of the rupture. Calculations show that all along this globe encircling crack, fountains of water jetted supersonically over twenty miles into the atmosphere. The spray from this enormous fountain produced torrential rains such as the earth had ever experienced before or after. The Bible states that “all the fountains of the great deep burst open on one day.” And it describes these events of about four and half thousand years ago. Which we can now tie together scientifically in cause and effect order as the Hydroplate Theory. The fountains of the great deep and the expanding steam produced violent winds. Some of the water jetting high above the cold stratosphere froze into super cold ice crystals. This produced some massive ice storms, burying, suffocation, and instantly freezing many animals. The high pressure fountains eroded the rock on both sides of the crack and even threw up the limy contents of many pre-flood seas. Huge volumes of sediments settled out of this muddy water all over the earth. These sediments trapped and buried plants and animals forming the fossil record. The flooding uprooted vegetation moving it to regions where it accumulated and quickly became coal and oil by processes we can duplicate in the laboratory today. Experiments show that as erosion widened the rupture, its width became so great that compressed rock beneath the sub-terrainian chamber. sprung up, giving birth to the Mid-Oceanic ridge that wraps around the earth like the seam of a baseball. The continental plates, the hydroplates, still, with lubricating water beneath them, slid downhill. away from the rising Mid-Atlantic ridge. After the massive, slowly accelerating continental plates reached speeds of about 45 miles per hour, they ran into enough resistance that they compressed, crushed, thickened, and buckled. The portions of the hydroplates that buckled up formed mountains. Those that buckled down formed ocean trenches. This is why these features are generally parallel to the oceanic ridges from which they slid. The hydroplates, in sliding away from the oceanic ridges opened up very deep ocean basins. Into these the flood waters soon retreated. Every continental basin was naturally left full of water. This produced many large post-flood lakes. Each lake that grew from rainfall or drainage from higher elevations spilled over its rim at the lowest point of the rim. That eroded a little notch in the rim allowing even more water to flow through the notch faster cutting the soft flood deposited sediments even deeper. This process accelerated until all the lake's water dumped through a very deep slit forming a canyon. The largest of these was the Grand Canyon. North and east of the Grand Canyon was a huge lake that I have identified and named Grand Lake. Its dumping released more water than is in all five of the Great Lakes combined. Grand Lake spilled over its rim, eroded its dam, about twenty miles south of Page, Arizona, catastrophically forming the Grand Canyon within a few weeks.” There, that is Walt Brown's Hydroplate Theory, which to me makes the most sense of anything I've seen. It explains several things. If the crack would widen around the Mid-Atlantic ridge as the waters shooting out, it's going to spread out allowing the basalt underneath to bulge up, which is precisely what happens. As the basalt bulges up, it's going to get cracks in it and it's also going to slide the super imposing plates away from them. They're going to slide and run into something else which would explain the compressed mountains we see. For instance, in British Columbia where the mountains are smashed from the end. The wrinkles go up and down. The mountain was – it's like somebody pushed carpet up against the wall causing it to wrinkle. I think Christians need to have an answer for those kind of things and this is one of the possible answers. When the basalt cracked, the water would rush into the crack, cooling it down, and cool rock holds a magnetic field. But hot rock will lose a magnetic field. So when the found what they said were magnetic reversals at the bottom of the ocean floor, they were actually finding the old cracks where the basalt broke. Because there were going to be warmer and cooler areas from simply the water rushing in. Those cracks are probably now all full of sediments. So don't let them tell you there are magnetic reversals. There may be a few from the rocks flipping over at the flood, but I think a much better theory is the Hydroplate Theory. So, as the continents were sliding away, some places are going to be sucked under, plate subduction. Now Bob Gardener has a great theory on plate subduction. I think this ties in here also. The plates would tend to be sucked down. Have you ever stirred a pudding up and it gets a film on top? If you push down on the film in the pudding, it will sink to the bottom and drag the rest down with it. Magma does the same thing from a volcano when it cools down, the lava gets a hard crust. If it sinks in at one place it will drag a whole sheet of magma of lava with it. This probably happened also during the flood. The continents are eroding. When it rains, you have landslides, mudslides, erosion, mass wasting, and ground creep. All of those things are happening continually, like last night in the thunder storm here. I'm sure a lot of erosion took place around Chattanooga. Well, this mud is going to wash into the ocean. So two things are happening: the mountains are getting shorter and the oceans are filling in. But at the current rate of erosion, the continents are going to erode flat in 14 million years. So the evolutionists have a serious problem. They have to explain two things. Why aren't the oceans full of mud? Because there's only a few thousand years worth of mud in the oceans. And why haven't the mountains eroded away yet? That's why this Pangaea theory is so important to them, because they can say, “Oh, it's getting recycled.” They'll say, “The ocean flood doesn't have much mud because it gets pulled under, re-melted, and it comes up again in the middle. So it's being recycled. Well that may be, but there is also another reason. It may be that there's not much mud down there because it is not millions of years old. Plates are moving; there's not much question about that, but that doesn't prove they've always been moving. And it doesn't prove the rate has always been the same as we see today. I think students should be told there are other options than what they're being taught in school. Now I live right by Interstate 10 in Pensacola, Florida. Interstate 10 runs all the way from Los Angeles, California to Jacksonville, Florida. If I see somebody headed east on Interstate 10 at 70 miles (110 km) per hour, does that prove that they started in Los Angeles four days ago? No, they may have just got on at the last exit, right? And just because we see these continents moving a little bit today does not prove anything, long-term historically. Don't fall for that propaganda. The continental drift theory is designed to avoid two problems for the evolutionists. One, the magnetic field is getting weaker. Number two, there is very little sediment in the ocean. And another explanation for that might be that the Bible is right and the Earth is not billions of years old. People say, “Well where does the Ice Age fit into the Bible?” There certainty was an "Ice Age". There's not much question; ice came all the way down to Kansas City, Missouri. How many of you are from Ohio, Indiana, or Michigan, or Minnesota, or one of these states that were covered by ice? They used to be covered with ice. Actually, during winter each year they are still covered with ice. But there is all kind of evidence around those states that you can use to prove there really was an Ice Age. When ice pushes out, it pushes up a pile of rocks in front of it. When the rocks are left there, when the ice melts back, it's called a terminal morraine. If it pushes the rocks to the side, it's called a lateral morraine. When the ice melts back, it leaves behind lakes called kettle lakes. Minnesota, the land of ten thousand lakes, is full of kettle lakes. As the ice melts back, the ground actually lifts back up, because the weight is gone. The ground may lift up quite a ways. That's called isostatic rebound. There is no question that those things actually happened. The question for the Christian is, “Where does this fit into the Bible? And what froze the mammoths?” Some of the big, hairy, hippy elephants are found frozen standing up, with food still in their teeth. What happened to the mammoths? One year it was reported that 20,000 mammoth tusks were extracted from the ground. Just in one year, twenty thousand tusks. Estimates are that five millions mammoths perished in one catastrophe. These red dots indicate where frozen mammoths have been found. The yellow dots indicate where frozen rhinoceros have been found. What happened to the mammoths? Well some of the mammoths are frozen in the upright position. The undigested food in their stomach and mouth is an interesting situation. They died of suffocation. There is no water found in the lungs. The small ice crystals in the blood probably indicate that they froze in less than five hours total. That requires something less than 300 degrees below zero. Now it never gets 300 below zero on earth. The coldest temperature ever recorded, from National pornographic, ...Geographic, is minus 127 degrees. That's pretty chilly, but that's not cold enough to freeze the mammoths. What happened to freeze the mammoths? In 1999, I was preaching in Alaska and I took the little tour out on a boat to see the Portage Glacier. And I'm standing next to this guy on the boat and I'm talking to him, trying to witness to him. I said, “What do you do for a living?” He said, “Well, I drill for oil near Barrow, Alaska.” I said, “Well when you drill down, do you find anything interesting down there?” He said, “You wouldn't believe the stuff we drill into down there.” He said, “Just a few months ago we were drilling down. ... We drilled through 1,000 feet (300m) of permanently frozen ground, called permafrost, and we started bringing up pieces of wood. We always take what comes out of the well and lay it out on the ground so we can get a core sample of what we're drilling through to know the formation.” He said, “We drilled straight through a tree that was standing up. The tree was 300 feet (100m) tall, standing up, under 1,000 feet (300m) of permanently frozen ground!” Well I preached Barrow, Alaska a couple of years ago. There is only one tree in Barrow, Alaska, and it is about this tall, and it is inside a Chinese restaurant. They struggle to keep it alive because they don't get much sun up there for months at a time. There are no trees outside in Barrow, Alaska. There are certainly no trees 300 feet (100m) tall. There are very few trees in the world that are 300 feet (100 m) tall. How do you get a tree 300 feet tall standing up under 1,000 feet (300m) of permanently frozen ground? What happened? I'm going to give you what I call the Hovind Theory of what caused all of these phenomenons. But I need to review a little science for you. Many people have been influential in developing this, in my brain anyway. I appreciate Walt Brown, Henry Morris, and John Baumgardner, among other men that have done work, and the book: "The Biblical Flood and the Ice Epoch" by Patten, from 1966; have all had a great influence on me. But ultimately I have to take the blame for this if it's wrong. I'm going to teach you a few things about science and then give you the Hovind Theory. The inverse square law tells us that if two objects are attracted to each other, like the Earth and the Moon, the force of attraction is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. In English, that means if you half the distance, or if you brought the moon in to one third (1/3) the distance, you take the one third and flip it over, and square it. It's now nine times (3 x 3) the gravitational pull. Inverse square laws apply when you're dealing with forces involving gravity, light, magnetism, and girls. I travel every single week. I believe I've been home eight Sundays in fourteen years. I flew 215 last year, was gone 210 days away from home. So I get to come home every week. When I get a certain distance from my wife its, “Hello dear, how are you doing?” When you half the distance it is four times the attraction, not two. When you half the distance again, it is too late. So guys, the secret is stay about 10 feet (3 m) away and you won't have a problem, okay? Now, the inverse square law is one thing to learn. The second thing you need to learn is a spinning top, or any spinning object, behaves in a peculiar way if it is struck by something. If you throw a rock at a spinning top, it will wobble around for a while. Or you can do it with a gyroscope, and it will wobble around and it will recover, spinning smoothly again, but usually at some new, crazy angle. You can actually determine when it was struck if you can see a graph of a wavy line of how it behaved as it was wobbling, interesting. The earth has no doubt wobbled through the years. The North Pole has moved around. Today the earth is tilted over 23.5 degrees. That is why they always mount the globe on that 23.5 degree angle. Stonehenge is an interesting stone building. Apparently it was built to worship the sun at summer solstice. But today, Stonehenge does not line up. The Egyptian Temple Amen Ra was apparently built to worship the sun at summer solstice, the longest day of the year. But it doesn't line up. Eudoxus, same thing. The earth is tilted over today, and that's what causes the seasons. It is usually on June 21st, occasionally on June 20th, but usually June 21st, that is the longest day of the year because the earth is tilted, in our case the Northern Hemisphere we're tilted toward the sun, so we get more sunlight. At the North Pole it gets pure sunlight all the time, for that twenty-four hours. George Dodwell, the famous Australian astronomer studied the solstice shadows recorded by ancient astronomers. He said, “You know, it looks to me like something struck the earth.” When he followed the wavy line made by these solstice shadows, he said something struck the earth about 4,350 years ago and caused the earth to wobble for several thousand years. Today the earth is pretty stable. The North Pole doesn't move around very much. But could it be that something actually struck Planet Earth about the time of Noah's flood? Well that's what the scientific evidence points towards. Today the earth is tilted over and that's what causes the seasons. The first mention of cold weather in the Bible is in Genesis, Chapter 8, after the Great Flood. I doubt they had huge, polar ice caps before the Flood came. I flew as far north as we could in Canada and then drove two hours north of that way up into central Saskatchewan. We were only right about here. There's a whole lot of earth above us, but they said this is about the limit of habitable land where you can actually do farming, because north of here the seasons are too harsh so you can't do any farming. There is a huge chunk of planet earth, North and South, right near the poles that is simply unusable for farmland. Now the Bible says that God formed the world to be inhabited. I don't think what we have today is anything similar to what Adam and Eve saw. Next thing you need to keep in mind: the Moon has craters on it but we never see the moon get struck by anything. Where did these craters come from on the Moon? Even Mercury has craters on it. Where did these craters come from? Mars has a canyon much larger than the Grand Canyon. When the scientists studied this canyon on Mars they said, “Wow, this canyon formed in a matter of weeks.” Because they say there was melting water in one of the craters. It overflowed the rim and washed out this canyon very, very quickly. Why can they see a canyon on Mars were we can't find any water for sure and say this thing formed quickly and you can look at Grand Canyon on Planet Earth and can't conclude that water formed that canyon very quickly? I don't understand the stupidity involved here. Looks to me that a person ought to be able to see that. As a ridge on the edge of the crater gave way, this Mars canyon formed in a matter of months. It was certainly less than a year, said one of the scientists. Next thing you need to keep in mind. It's called the Mysner Effect. How many of you have ever seen two magnets; you put them together and one will float on top of the other one? You know what I'm talking about here? It's called the Mysner Effect. That's how the Japanese trains go. We rode on one of those trains when I was in Japan. They go flying down the tracks with magnetic levitation. No resistance that way; no friction. The next thing to keep in mind. There are comets flying around through space and these comets are extremely cold. 300 to 400 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. Don't lick it. I need to find out if any of you are or were as dumb as I was as a kid. How many of you have a piece of your tongue stuck to a pump handle or flag pole someplace on Planet Earth right now because of you licked it when it was cold. Come on now, be honest. Okay, there are several. Don't lick something that's 300 below zero. Trust me on that one. That will be the last thing you lick for a while. If you throw a snowball too fast it will break apart. You couldn't possibly shoot a snowball out of a cannon. If you did, it would simply break apart in pieces even before it got out of the end of the barrel. So a super cold ice meteor, if it was coming toward the earth, would build up speed because of the inverse square law. As it got going faster and faster it would break up out in space into millions of individual ice crystals. Those would then shower down on the earth as super cold snow. The next thing you need to keep in mind: The earth has a very strong magnetic field, but it's getting weaker. At the time of the Flood, it was probably 15 to 20 times stronger than it is today. The Earth's magnetic field is weakening. The magnetic field would deflect super cold ice crystals to the poles, for most of them. Also, super cold ice is easily statically charged. The Northern Lights are caused because of the earths' magnetic field. How many have ever seen the Northern Lights? Unbelievably gorgeous. If you've never seen them it's worth, just get up there. I've seen them in South Dakota and up in Canada. Unbelievably beautiful, the Northern Lights, definitely something worth seeing. Anyway, the pre-Flood world was very different. The world probably had a canopy of ice or water above the atmosphere. We cover that in Seminar Two. Now there are some creationists, including Walt Brown, who disagree. They say there was no canopy. And I think the arguments they use can be easily answered. And I'd be glad to discuss that if you'd like more information. Next thing to keep in mind: Who on earth was Peleg? He is mentioned in Genesis, Chapter 10. And I hate to say this about the Bible, so God please don't listen for just a minute, okay? But Genesis 10 is boring. As you read through that chapter it has all these big names that nobody on earth can pronounce except Alexander Scourby. You know, “So and so begat so and so, and he begat so and so, and he begat so and so.” And you're reading through this long, boring chapter of everybody begating everybody. And then all of a sudden you come across verse 25. And it says, “And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of the one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan.” Well now hold on a minute. Peleg is the only guy, it doesn't say anything about anybody else. Why does it say something about Peleg? It says, “In his days was the earth divided.” And then it says, “His brother's name was Joktan.” Nobody else gets their brother mentioned. Why would his brother be mentioned. Well the word Joktan means "shorten". Peleg means "divided". Peleg was born about 100 years after the flood. Notice he only lived to be 239. His daddy, grandpa, and great grandpa lived in their 400s. What was different? What happened back in the days of Peleg? Next thing you need to keep in mind, the pre-Flood world had a canopy of water above and water under the crust of the earth. Now I made a decision years ago as a new Christian. I was 16 when I got saved and all the atheists in my city started coming after me, trying to get me converted away from Christianity. And I had some real problems believing some of the things in the Bible. They were showing me supposed contradictions and all that. We'll cover more on that in Seminar #7. But I had to make a decision as a 16 year old new Christian. I said, “Lord, I'm going to believe your book until somebody can prove it's wrong.” Some of my friends decided they're going to doubt the Bible until it's proven right. I think that's a mistake. I think I made the right decision. I said, “God, I'm going to believe you even for the things I don't understand.” And he's proven himself on just about every one of them. There are a couple I still have questions about. There was an atheist one time who came to the preacher and said, “Preacher, I don't believe anything in the Bible. I only believe science.” He said, “Preacher, if you can prove one verse out of the Bible scientifically, I'll believe it.” The preacher said, “Well, Okay.” He grabbed the atheist around the neck, grabbed his nose, and began twisting his nose. Pretty soon of course, the blood is pouring down his face and the atheist said, “What on earth are you doing?” He said, “I'm proving the Bible. It says, ‘The wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood.'" I don't recommend you do that unless you get a really hard core atheist, then you might want to try that one. But I'm going to give you the Hovind Theory. This is suppose to be a good teaching technique. I'm going to tell you what I'm going to tell you, and then I'm going to tell you, and then I'm going to tell you what I told you. Did you get all that? We're going to go through it very quickly. Eight simple steps of what I think caused the Flood and explain all these strange phenomena on the planet. Then we'll go into a little bit more detail and then we'll close this down. 1 - Noah and the animals got safely in the ark. 2 - A 300 degree below zero ice meteor came flying toward the earth and broke up in space. As it was breaking up, some of the fragments got caught and became the rings around the planets. They made the craters on the Moon, the craters on some of the planets, ... and what was left over came down and splattered on top of the North and South pole. 3 - This super cold snow fell on the poles mostly, burying the mammoths, standing up. 4 - The dump of ice on the North and South pole cracked the crust of the earth releasing the fountains of the deep. The spreading ice caused the Ice Age effects. The glacier effects that we see. It buried the mammoths. It made the earth wobble around for a few thousand years. And it made the canopy collapse, which used to protect the earth. And it broke open the fountains of the deep. 5 - During the first few months of the flood, the dead animals would settle out, and dead plants, and all get buried. They would become coal, if they were plants, and oil if they're animals. And those are still found today in huge graveyards. Fossils found in graveyards. Oil found in big pockets under the ground. 6 - During the last few months of the flood, the unstable plates of the earth would shift around. Some places lifted up; other places sank down. That's going to form ocean basins and mountain ranges. And the runoff would cause incredible erosion like the Grand Canyon in a couple of weeks. 7 - Over the next few hundred years, the ice caps would slowly melt back retreating to their current size. The added water from the ice melt would raise the ocean level creating what's called a continental shelf. It would also absorb carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere which allows for radiation to get in which is going to shorten people's life spans. And in the days of Peleg, it finally took affect. 8 - The earth still today shows the effects of this devastating flood. Now for a little more detail on each one. God told Noah. The Lord said to Noah, “Come thou.” Did you catch that? Listen very carefully. What did God tell Noah to do? He told him to come into the ark. He didn't say go into the ark. He said come into the ark. Where does God have to be in order to say that? In the ark. That will preach brother. There's a sermon right there, just right there. “Come into the ark Noah. Come with me and we're going on a little cruise. Come on in, I'm here with you.” And when the flood was over, God said, “Noah, go out of the ark.” God was with him the whole time. That would be quite the cruise. “And the Lord shut the door.” By the way, it is a good eternal security verse. If the Lord has you saved, you're saved, ok? You can't get out of God's hand. Then this 300 degree below zero ice meteor came flying through the solar system. Some of it broke apart. It made craters on Mercury and craters on the Moon. Four of the planets today still have rings around them. And the rings around these planets are made of rock and ice. Very interesting. Now Walt Brown thinks some of the craters on the Moon were formed when the fountains of the deep broke open and rocks went flying up out of Earth's gravitational pull, drifted around for a while, and clobbered into the Moon. He may be right on that. I don't know but it's interesting. He thinks the comets came from Earth, and water on Mars came from Earth, when the fountains of the deep broke upon. You could read about it for yourself if you would like. The super cold snow would land mostly around the north and south poles because super cold ice is not only affected by the magnetic field, it is easily statically charged. How many have seen an electrical Vandigraph generator that makes your hair stand up. We have one of those in our science center at Dinosaur Adventure Land. As this ice meteor came flying towards the earth it broke apart, pieces would settle in around the poles mostly, causing the earth to wobble for a few hundred years. Or maybe even a few thousand years. The canopy of water overhead collapsed, then it rained 40 days, the water underneath the bottom, under the crust came shooting to the surface, and the water kept going up for 150 days. And everybody drowned. It probably took six or eight months to kill everybody during that flood. We all get the idea, “Well it rained and everybody died first day.” No, it took a long time for people to die. People would be running and fighting for higher ground. As that got more and more rare as the water keeps coming up, and up, and up, for 150 days, the water increased. By the way, they are still discovering chunks of ice flying around in space. Here's an article about a scientist who discovered chunks as big as this auditorium are hitting the earth all the time. They dissolve in space and it rains down as water. There's water, water everywhere in space. This is a science and technology newspaper article here. If you go to the North Pole, you'll be kind of chilly and one of only 400 people who have ever been there. But up around the North Pole there's an ocean called the Arctic Ocean. I went up to see the Arctic Ocean a couple of years ago and the guy said, “Hey Brother Hovind, you know something interesting about this ocean? It has no tide.” I said, “Man, I never thought of that. I taught Earth science for fifteen years. Arctic Ocean has no tide.” And who cares, right? Anyway, there are islands up there called the New Siberian Islands, off the coast of Russia. There on those New Siberian Islands they find frozen bobcats, frozen lynx, and frozen camels. What happened? When they get to the South Pole and drill through the ice they find coal under the ice at the South Pole. I would like to point out, your honor, that there are no trees in Antarctica, zero. Admiral Byrd went down there and said he saw frozen palm trees, or palm leaves, near the South Pole. Scientists have discovered all sorts of frozen leaves, even dinosaur fossils, plant eating dinosaurs, near the South Pole. Thousands of well preserved leaves found in Antarctica? Leaves on the side of a cliff, two hundred and fifty miles from the South Pole? And the leaves still retain their original, cellular structure and organic content. They're not petrified. They're preserved. They find dinosaurs, plant eating dinosaurs, in northern Alaska. But today there are no trees up there. I was there. Nothing, not a blade of grass in most places. See, the earth actually has two North Poles. We have a geographic North Pole where we spin around. We also have a magnetic North Pole in Canada where the compass actually points. Now here in Tennessee it probably doesn't make any difference. Your compass points north because both of them pretty much line up. But if you live in Alaska, your magnetic north is way different than the real north. And pilots have to learn to adjust for that. And who cares? Right? I think what happened: the mammoths were up there chopping on their tropical flowers. It was a beautiful day, and it began to snow super cold snow. They had never seen snow before. One of the mammoths looked at his buddy and said, “Herman, this is peculiar weather we're having here. What is this white stuff falling out of the sky?” “I don't know, but let's get out of here.” They started running around trying to find a place to hide and the snow got deeper and deeper and deeper and they got stuck in the snow standing up, and they couldn't even fall down. How many of you have ever been in a snow drift so deep you couldn't even fall over? Ever been in one of those? I think that's what happened to the mammoths. People say, “Well the mammoths have long hair. They're designed for cold weather.” No, mammoths are not designed for cold weather. A lot of animals in the jungle have long hair. It is hot there. If the temperature is seventy degrees, long hair is just simply a decoration. There's a lot of things about the mammoth that shows that they were not designed for cold weather. There's a whole section just in this book about mammoths showing that they were not designed for cold weather. You can read all about that. For the mammoths, some of them ended frozen standing up. It was in super cold ice, perhaps 300 degrees below zero! As the ice goes pushing towards the equator, it's going to carve out glacier grooves. If you are in northern Ohio go to Kelly's Island, in Lake Erie, and see the glacial grooves. Big deep scratches across the rock, going for miles. I think the Ice Age really happened. But it happened at the beginning of the Flood. There are basically two theories among creationists about the Ice age. One theory says the Ice Age caused the flood, which is what I believe. The other theory says the flood caused the Ice Age. A minor difference; I don't think it's worth fighting over. But for either case the Ice Age would last for several hundred years after the flood. During the time after the flood, as populations were growing, if somebody misbehaves, instead of building a jail and putting them in there where you got to feed them for the rest of their life, - just banish them. Tell them to get out, you can't stay with our civilization. And boy, if times were hard, and just a new struggling civilization like "Gilligan's Island", being banished is punishment enough. Now you're going to follow the Ice Age animals around and kill them, leave your tool box behind. Because you don't want to carry 50 pounds (20 kg) of rocks with you. You wait till you find the mammoth herd, then you make your tools on the spot and kill the mammoth there. That's why they find, you know, scrapers for skin, all kinds of flint arrow heads are found all over the world. These guys really did use these stone tools to kill these animals, but they didn't carry them around. Rocks are so plentiful, they're found all over, in order to make arrowheads and stuff like that. And then this super cold ice at the pole would send off a cold wave. Like when you open the freezer and the cold air comes out and falls at your feet. This cold air hitting warm air would cause it to rain. And it rained forty days and forty nights, the canopy collapsed. The Bible says all the fountains of the deep were broken up in one day. [END of Part A] [START of Part B] If you read the book of Jasher (you can get it from our ministry) I cannot verify it's legitimate, the actual book of Jasher referred to in the Bible. There is a book of Jasher referred to in the Bible. This may or may not be it. I don't know. But it is interesting reading nonetheless. In the book of Jasher it says, “And on that day the Lord caused the whole earth to shake, and the sun darkened, ... and the foundations of the world raged, and the whole earth was moved violently. And lightening flashed, and the thunder roared, and all the foundations in the earth were broken up.” Jasher, Chapter six. Interesting. I think what happened, the dump of ice on the poles caused the earth's crust to crack. Ice spread out toward the equartor, buried the mammoths, made the earth wobble, and the earth was totally covered with water. The Bible says all the high hills were covered. Now there are some idiots out there teaching it was just a local flood in the days of Noah. The Bible says the high hills were covered. It was not a local flood. If the earth was reduced down to the size of this globe right here, all the oceans in the world would only fill about one table spoon. If you smoothed out the earth, the oceans would get down to 12,000 feet (3,700 m) deep. But if you smoothed out the earth, they would average 8,000 feet (2,500 m) deep everywhere. There is plenty of water on the earth to cover the planet. Technically, one drop of water would cover the planet, if you spread it really thin. I flew back over the Pacific one time, and I came back and said to one of the guys in my office, “Man, that Pacific ocean is huge.” He said, “That's just the top of it.” Wow, what a thought. That is just the top of it. There is a lot of water in these oceans out there. When the climbers got to the top of Mt. Everest, 1953, the year I was born, they got up here on Mt. Everest. They began to find something interesting, petrified clams, on top of Mt. Everest. In Peru a couple years ago they found giant oysters up to 11 feet (3 m) across, that was 2 miles (3 km) above sea level. That is a big oyster. You should see the pearl! And these clams are interesting. They are petrified in the closed position. Now think about it for a minute. When a clam dies it opens. The muscle inside relaxes, the ligaments on the outside pull the shell open, almost instantly. When a clam dies, it opens up. There are billions of petrified clams in the closed position on top of mountains all over the world. I would like to point out, your honor, that Mount Everest is a little ways from the beach. That is number one. Number two, clams do not climb mountains very well. And number three, when a clam dies it opens. The best explanation for this is that they were buried alive. Sometimes huge beds of these clams are found. A man in Alabama said, "Brother Hovind, do you want some petrified clams for your museum?" I said, "Yeah!" He said they are four feet thick in his backyard! When he rototills his garden he brings up thousands of petrified clams, closed petrified clams. We've got a bunch in our museum down in Pensacola, Florida. Even fragile items like eggs are found fossilized. I believe the sediments would settle out of this flood, fine sediments would preserve things in incredible detail. Here is a fossilized jelly fish. We have a fossilized octopus arm in our museum. Soft tissue simply does not fossilize; very special conditions are required. The Bible says that the fountains of the deep broke open. I think the Earth got struck by a meteor and the water underneath went shooting out to the surface. And the Earth was covered with water. You see, the Earth's crust is kind of interesting. It is actually pretty thin in some spots. It is 3 to 5 miles (5-8 km) thick under the oceans. About 30 miles (50 km) thick under the continents. The hot water from inside the earth would come shooting out and it would kill animals that lived within a certain radius of this crack as the hot water escaped. As the basalt bulged up in the middle, the plates are going to slide down, explaining as I said earlier about the wrinkled mountains. Take a look at these wrinkled mountains in British Columbia, Canada. They have been pressed from the end - wrinkled up. What happened? As the water came shooting out, the hot water would kill all sorts of things within a certain radius. If you poured a gallon of boiling water into your aquarium it would kill all the fishies within a certain distance. OK? Until the temperature dissipated. All over the world little tiny creatures called diatoms are found dead in great big thick beds called: diatomaceous earth. These diatoms are super tiny. It takes about a thousand years to get an inch of dead diatoms at the bottom of the ocean. They accumulate very slowly. When it dries out they can pack it into a special powder called: diatomaceous earth. It is used for all sorts of things. It is used as kitty litter. It is used as oil dry. Diatomaceous earth is used in swimming pool filters. It is used in bricks, in asprin, and in medicines, and in all sorts of strange things you would never think of, diatomaceous earth. It is very absorbant. I was in Lompoc, California, preaching, and I went to visit the world's largest diatomaceous earth quarry. I believe it's the world's largest. There in Lompoc, California, which is right smack on top of the San Andreas Fault. There in Lompoc, California,back in 1976, they found the fossil skeleton of a whale standing on end, 80 feet (25 m) long, running through diatomaceous earth! Now, I know the whale is parallel with the layers, that's OK, because the layers are tilted up also. So the thickness of the whale becomes the problem, not the length. But still, if this stuff accumulates an inch every thousand years ... How long is a dead whale going to lay there waiting for this stuff to gather around him? Dead whales are dissolved at the bottom of the ocean within a few weeks or months. Even the bones eventually disappear. They gave me a chunk of their diatomaceous earth out there. In that one little square foot there are dozens, maybe even up to sixty, fish skeletons. You know, fish skeletons are found in diatomaceous earth and they are found with their gills extended, their fins extended. They died terrified. Whatever was happening to them was terrifying these creatures. Fossil fish are found by the trillions. The chalk cliffs of Dover, England are found this way too. Chalk, from the Latin word 'creta' which means chalk, here is 300 feet (100 m) thick. It was a catastrophe that formed all this. The Bible says that the waters prevailed upon the Earth. I think what happened during the first part of the Flood, dead things settled out. And that Flood represents God's judgment on this planet. Point number five of the Hovind Theory is during the first few months of the Flood the dead animals would settle out. People ask, "Why aren't more human fossils found?" Well, humans are smarter than animals. Well, some humans are, and some animals. And they would tend to avoid drowning until the last possible minute. Animals that are buried on top or under very shallow soil are not going to fossilize. Think of all the millions of buffalo that were killed out west in the last few hundred years. None of them fossilized - because they were not buried. So fossils only form if an animal is buried deeply and quickly, before it has time to decay. Marvin Lubenow says that about 4,000 sets of human remains have been found. I think there are fewer humans than animals fossilized because they were smarter and would have avoided drowning until later in the flood. Therefore, they would not get fossilized. We cover more of that on video number seven. The trees that were uprooted would have floated around in big log mats the size of Texas. They're going to get buried and become the coal seams that we see today. Moving water causes some very interesting phenomena. As water is moving it automatically sorts things. It can form five or six layers simultaneously. There is a good video tape called: "Experiments in Stratification" that shows that the top strata can actually be older than the bottom strata. If the water if moving, it forms multiple layers simultaneously. Moving water does some strange things. How many of you have ever seen those things at the store with different colors of sand in between two sheets of glass? When you flip it over it forms all these layers quickly. It does not take a long time. Stratification can happen very quickly. Underwater landslides, like the one we saw in Indonesia in 2004, called a turbidity current, can do enormous damage under water. That one caused a tsunami on the surface which killed 250,000 people. In 1929 there was an underwater landslide that traveled 70 miles (110 km) per hour. It cut two trans-Atlantic cables. That one landslide covered 40,000 square miles. (That is about the size of Ohio.) One landslide underwater. During the Flood the water would be swirling around. The dead animals would get caught in these little swirls called eddies. You can see, along a river, little eddies swirling water. This would happen on a global scale during the Flood of Noah. As the animals would float around for a few weeks, they would rot. The head falls off; the tail falls off, and the legs would fall off. And when some of them finally got buried you end up with tangled messes of dinosaur bones. Notice these backbones here have no head attached and no legs; just the backbone. Underwater landslides do enormous damage, and animals buried on the surface under mud can be found in tangled up messes. Fossil graveyards are very common all over the planet. They have found concentrations of fossils like logs in a log jam. If you go to San Juacito Monument in Texas, where Santa Ana finally met his match when the Texans caught up with him, the whole monument is made out of fossils. If you look at the blocks of rock, it looks like great big blocks of stones, and they are, as you get up closer, there are bazillions of little tiny fossils in them. Here are four animals found fossilized in a swimming position. Their heads held up high out of the water.They probably got caught in the mud as the mud settled under the water. They drowned or died in this swimming position. In one place in Africa called the Karroo formation, they said there are 800,000 million skeletons of vertebrate animals. A lot of animals died at one time. They found iguanodon skeletons in a Belgian coal mine. They extended through 100 feet (30 m) of rock in the vertical position. Up in northern Canada on Axel Island, they find petrified redwood stumps. You can go to Axel Island. There are no trees on Axel Island. And there are certainly no redwood trees growing there. How do we get fossilized redwood stumps on Axel Island? People say, "Hey, doesn't it that take millions of years for something to petrify?" No, things petrify quickly. There are scores of examples of things that have petrified in less than 100 years. Two horse hooves were found petrified in Oregon. A petrified water wheel is shown here. The minerals replaced the wood. Here is petrified firewood. Here is a fishing reel stuck in a rock. They said the rock was 300 million years old. By the way, if any of you students want to make some money, The University of Tennessee in Chattanooga (UTC), studied this thing. They talked to the guy who owned it and analyzed the whole thing. They said, "Man, this is amazing, a reel stuck in a rock." If you can locate the owner of the reel, and get me in touch with him, I want to see if he will let me put it on loan in our museum. UTC geology experts cannot explain this. How can a fishing reel be found in rock? If you go to Waycross, Georgia, they have on display there at the Southern Forest World, a mummified dog stuck in a tree. The dog apparently chased a coon up the tree, fell inside, and got stuck. The dog is now mummified. The tree was still alive. They named the dog, "Stucky." Here is a petrified cowboy boot with the cowboy's leg still in it. The article is on the table down there,called, The Limestone Cowboy. Here is a petrified fish (Ichthyosaur) giving birth. Here is a petrified hammer found in Hawaii. A petrified hat found in New Zealand. A petrified crayon found in Arizona. A petrified pin cushion found in Wisconsin. A guy got found along a beach in Montana, that was petrified, a petrified man. There is a story about a petrified man in Gainesboro, Tennessee. The guy died in 1881. They buried him. Fourteen years later they were going to bury his wife next to him when she died. They dug a hole for Grandma's grave and water seeped into the hole, into the grave. They said, "Ahh, we don't want to bury Grandma in the water. So they buried Grandma someplace else. Then the kids got worried about Grandpa. Buried in the water. So, they dug up his grave. The body inside had turned to stone, except the arms had rotted off. The rest of the body had petrified in 14 years in a coffin in Tennessee. The man found in Fort Benton, Montana, it was in 1897, found by Tom Dunbar, the guy was 5 feet, 8 inches tall. Many medical doctors examined him. They said, "Man,this is a petrified complete human, not the bones, the complete person, petrified. A lady in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 62 years old went to the doctor and said, "I've got a pain in my side." They X-rayed her and found a petrified skeleton of a baby inside her. She was pregnant and didn't know it. The baby had died and turned to stone inside the woman's body. It does appear that the baby was about to be born, the doctor said who examined her. I talked to a guy from Maryland, he said, "Yeah, I drove the ambulance; we took a woman to the hospital one time in Snowden, Washington, there's his phone number there, I talked to Brian, She was taken to the hospital, and they removed a petrified fetus from this woman. It had turned to stone in her body. Here are petrified sacks of flour found in Eureka Springs, Arkansas. Here is a petrified pickle found Montana. This is now in my museum. It was found in this jar. The guy who sent it to me said, "Brother Hovind, I found this petrified pickle inside a jar. The lid rusted off. Would you want it for your museum?" I said, "Of course. Who in their right mind would not want a petrified pickle for their museum?" Here is a petrified toadstool just south of Bloomington, Illinois, in an amazing museum called the Funk Gem and Mineral Museum, in Shirley, Illinois. If you ever drive out there, stop and see that place. This kid in the picture sent me these petrified acorns. He's seven years old. He said, "Brother Hovind, I put these acorns in a bucket of water hoping they would sprout." "And, I forgot about them." A year later when Mama found them on the back porch. They had turned to stone in a bucket of water. Petrified acorns. Here is a petrified peanut cluster. It is in the Ripley's Museum in Florida. Here are petrified charcoal briquets. We've got them in our museum. Come down to Pensacola and see the petrified charcoal briquets. Here is what appears to be a petrified coconut. The whole thing is in our museum in Pensacola. Here is a fossilized arm to an octopus, I referred to earlier. This is a replica of it. A petrified octopus arm. There is an article in "Handy Farm Devices" published in 1909 on how to make petrified wood. For centuries people have known how to make petrified wood, so that it will last longer. People say, "Now, wait a minute, aren't the fossils of similar animals found in the same layers, doesn't that prove, you know, evolution, because reptiles are found in the same layer?" Well, if there is any sorting of the fossils, it's not proof of evolution. That is for sure. Actually the textbooks teach that the layers are well sorted; that is simply not true. This guy, David Robb, a professor from University of Chicago, I believe. He says, "One of the ironies of the evolution-creation debate is that creationists ... have accepted the mistaken notion that the fossil record shows a detailed and orderly progression. And they have gone to great lengths to accomodate this 'fact' in their Flood geology." The layers are not in the order they would like for you to think they are. Niles Eldredge said, "We date the layers by the fossils, and we date the fossils by the layers." It is circular reasoning. If there is any sorting to the fossil record it is better explained by the Flood. You see, moving water in a flood situation does all sorts of interesting things. There is a phenomena called cavitation. Which is what happened at the Glenn Canyon Dam in Arizona. When the water got moving too fast it actually sucked the sides of the rock right off canyon walls. Within just about 20 seconds it made an area about the size of a basketball court, about 4 feet deep. The moving water sucked the rock off the sides, due to cavitation. There is another phenomena called hydraulic plucking. It is in addition to abrasion. Moving water in the Flood would pick up debris. It is not just water moving now, it is liquid sandpaper. It has got gravel, and rocks, and mud, and tree stumps and stuff in it. It's going to erode right through solid rock. It is going to upbraid its way through rock. Also there is a phenomena called liquefaction. Liquefaction happens when sand grains are pressed and then the pressure is relieved. If you go out to the beach in Pensacola and walk out into the surf and stand there knee deep in the water, just stand there for a while. As the waves come by, the high part of the wave weighs more than the low part of the wave, obviously, there is more water there. So, the high part of the wave pushes down the sand under your feet, when the low part comes past you, the pressure is relieved. And sand grains start hopping up off the bottom as the water squeezes out of them. This phenomena is called: liquefaction. During a worldwide Flood, as the Earth is turning under the Moon, you would get tides that would go up and down of about 200 feet. Imagine a 200 foot (60 m) tidal change every 6 hours and 25 minutes. So the liquefaction would be incredible worldwide, because of this flood. It would raise the water 200 feet which would push down on the sediments, And then the pressure would be relieved. This would cause all kinds of sorting to happen very quickly. One guy took a giant aquarium and he put a hot water bottle in the bottom, a big rubber bladder, He put a bzillion little holes in it. He had it hooked to a hose. He put it into the bottom of an empty aquarium. And then he took a cement mixer and mixed up rocks, gravel, sand, and all kinds of stuff, mixed them together. Including dead fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. He mixed them all together and dumped them into the aquarium. When he turned the hose on, the aquarium began filling from the bottom, as the water is going through this hot water bottle. As it lifts up from the water coming up, it's going to automatically lift things. And then they will fall back down, by liquifaction. They are going to sort themselves by density. As it filled the aquarium he discovered that it sorted everything in the order of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Well that is the order that they are going to tell you they evolved in. Remember the word, "FARM" f - a - r- m; fish would be at the bottom: fish, amphibian, reptile, mammal. No, they are not found in that order. And if they are found in that order - liquefaction. The Flood best explains it. There is a lot more on that in this book, "In the Begining" by Walt Brown. Also, as some layers are less dense, they get covered up by more dense layers. Then if the conditions are just right, the less dense layer will all of a sudden shoot to the top, it will break its way through. It can produce what is called a sand plume. These sand plumes can harden and probably Ayers Rock in Australia is a giant sand plume. Best explained by the Flood. If you look at these sand plumes closely you will see they have air bubbles all over them. That was the air, tunnels all over them, that was the air coming out. During an earthquake the ground can shake and the water in the ground comes to the surface. And the top of the ground can become like soup. There was an earthquake in Japan that sank these buildings. The buildings actually sank into the ground because of the phenomena called: liquefaction, water coming to the surface. It settles from being all loose. It is almost like quick sand. Evolutionists will say, "Hovind, don't you know that birds are found on top? That proves that birds evolved last." And, "Clams are found at the bottom. That proves that clams evolved first." I say, "Well, there's a better explanation. Maybe clams are found at the bottom because of their habitat." That is where they live. A clam would be the first one buried in a flood. I mean, he's already at the bottom. "Hello!" A bird is going to be the last one to get buried because he can around until he runs out of gas. Maybe they are sorted based upon their intelligence. As far as anyone can figure out, clams are not too bright. Maybe they are sorted based upon their mobility. Clams cannot run very fast. Maybe they are sorted based upon their body density. Clam shells are heavier than bird feathers. So the sorting of the fossils, if there is any, is not explained by evolution. It is much better explained by a Flood. The Bible says that the whole Earth was covered. All the high hills were covered. The mountains were covered. Then the waters asswaged, which means to drop down. NIV says the waters receded. No, no, no, the waters did not receded and they weren't wild animals. NIV got it wrong twice in that verse.They were all perfectly tame animals during the flood. But the waters didn't recede, the waters asswaged. The Bible says the waters stood above the mountains, Psalm 104:5-6. Hugh Ross teaches that it was a local flood in the days of Noah. Excuse me, 15 cubits above the highest mountain, and it's a local flood? I'd like to see that happen. When I debated Hugh Ross, I said, "Dr. Ross, do you believe in a worldwide flood in the days of Noah?" He said, "I believe in a universal flood." That is just a deceitful answer, O.K.? I said, "What do you mean, a 'universal flood'?' He said that it flooded Noah's little universe. It flooded the valley that he lived in. I said, "Will you answer a question then, for me, please?" "If it's just a local flood that floods Noah's valley,then why would God tell Noah to build that huge boat?" And then to fill it full of animals, and to stay in there for a year!" Why not just tell Noah - to move? This local flood idea is dumb. Capital D - DUMB! People ask, "Well if the world was covered with water, where did it all go?" During the last few months of the Flood, the unstable plates on the crust of the Earth would shift and, in some places, would sink down. Thin spots would sink down. Other places would have lifted up. The water is going to rush off and fill in the holes. It would cause erosion very quickly. The Bible says (in Psalm 104), "At thy rebuke they fled." This is talking about the water. "At the voice of thy thunder they hasted away." The water rushed off. "They go up by the mountains, they go down by the valleys, ... unto the place which thou hast founded for them." That is - the oceans. The mountains lifted up; the water rushed off into the new low places. If we filled this auditorium four feet deep in water, the preacher would be upset, I'm sure, let's just do it for a science experiment, then if we lifted up one end of the building, All the guys in the building would pick up that end, and all of the water would rush to the other end, over to this end of the building. It's common sense. If the Earth was covered with water and some places began to sink down, then other places would lift up. It is like a water bed. How many of you have ever slept on a water bed? My wife is only 5 feet tall. When she gets sound asleep on a water bed, I don't like water beds; we don't have one, but we have slept on them a couple of times. Wait until she is sound asleep. Then I tiptoe in. Stand up on a chair, get on it and jump up as high as I can. Shw. . . .boom! Then I would land on my side of the water bed! She goes flying up as my big body hits that water bed on my side. And then I get to sleep on the couch. Because I don't like water beds anyway. So if one place goes down, someplace else is going to lift up. The crust of the Earth probably did a lot of flexing during the time of Noah's Flood. And probably for the next few hundred or even the next few thousand years after the Flood. Actually, I believe it is still moving around a little bit, causing some of our earthquakes. There might still be water under the crust of the Earth, trapped. As some of the water escaped during the hydroplate theory idea, then the plate would settle down, Trapping water under there. There are still huge areas of trapped water. Did you know that there are underwater thermal vents at the bottom of the oceans? There is hot water squirting up from the bottom of the ocean. Well, duh, where is it coming from? So doesn't it have to come from down lower than that? There is still water in the crust of the Earth. Trapped down there. The ocean crust is pretty thin. It is only about 3 to 5 miles (5-8 km) thick. Continental crust is about 30 miles (50 km) thick. Any earth science teacher can tell you that. That has been pretty well determined by reading the earthquake seismographic waves when earthquakes take place. The earth is cracked up, I understand, and a bunch of plates are moving around, and they are still moving a little bit. Pensacola has zero chance of an earthquake according to this map, but some places have a real good chance of an earthquake. Cracks have been found and they are still active, still moving. The Earth would be like a big water balloon. It would be floating, flexing up and down. We're talking just a few miles, on an eight thousand mile diameter earth, it is close to zero in scale here. Just a few miles of movement would cause water to run off, causing enormous erosion canyons. Just south of Houston, Texas, they had a flood several years ago. The water went roaring over, as it flooded, overflowing its dam and caused incredible erosion. If you fly out West and look at some of the erosion patterns, ... it is unbelievable how much erosion this planet has had. You see the three gossips here: the rock spires sticking up out of the ground, or the rock penguins, or go see the Arches National Park in Utah, or go to Bryce Canyon. You see these rocks sticking straight up out of the ground. They'll tell you, "It takes millions of years to erode all this stuff." "Yes, boys and girls, this shows millions of years of erosion," they teach the kids. I don't think so. This is in my backyard, with an inkpen by it. This was a pile of dirt that got rained on;got rained on one time, it made big erosion marks in it. Here is "millions of years" of erosion, along a highway built a few months ago. Does this show "millions of years" of erosion? No, I don't think so. I think that's my glasses sitting right there. Erosion can take place quickly. There are obviously great erosion marks in Washington and Idaho, from the Missoula (a.k.a. Spokane) Flood. There was an ice dam. I believe this one happened after the real Flood of Noah's time, maybe a few hundred years later. Ice caps were melting back. A big bunch of water got trapped and all of a sudden released itself. It shot down to Portland, Oregon. It did incredible erosion. Along the way there a waterfall, one of the largest waterfalls in the world, called Dry Falls, Washington. But there is no water going over this waterfall. It is totally dry. But when it was flowing, it was probably bigger than all the waterfalls in the world put together. Study about Dry Falls, Washington, if you want to read more on that. It is also interesting to notice that nearly all of the mountain ranges in the world follow the coastlines. As Walt Brown mentioned in his hydroplate theory, that is probably because they formed at the same time ... as the result of the same event. The mountains arose, the valleys sank down. The flood in Texas, the Guadalupe River flooded, had 30 inches of rain in one week. Water overflowed the spillway. It did unbelievable damage to the area around this city, when the dam overflowed. It carved a canyon a mile long, 50 feet (15 m) deep, and hundreds of yards wide through solid limestone rock. "Guadalupe River residents rebuilding after flood losses." Interesting. . .70 feet (22 m) deep in some places. Now keep in mind that it carved this through solid rock. One flood. A little-bitty flood. 30 inches (50 cm) of rain in one week. Bent rock layers are also found all over the world. These bent rock layers indicate that the rock was bent while it was soft. If you bend hard rock, it will shatter and make little fracture lines all along the curves. I was at Crystal Cove State Park in Los Angeles, I saw these bent rocks, I went up to get a picture, to get real close, the closer I got, the more confusing it is because there are no fracture lines in the rock. All of these dozens and dozens of layers were still soft mud when they were bent. And then it hardened. All the layers that you see in the earth that are bent were all soft at the same time. They are not different ages. A friend of mine is a pilot. He sent me this picture. He said, "Brother Hovind, as we fly over the Grand Canyon, off to the sides there are sink holes. The water runs into these holes, and goes down, who knows how far, and then squirts into the side of the canyon, into Grand Canyon. Well, if it keeps eroding away that sinkhole and down and towards the main Grand Canyon, it will eventually wash out and make another side canyon. After the Flood in Noah's time the surface would dry out first leaving the inside soft muddy ground. It would slowly dry out and shrink and contract. That would cause wrinkling on the surface. As mountains lifted up it would cause metamorphic rock to form. This formed, I believe, during and after Noah's Flood. Skeptics ask, "Wait, how did all these kangaroos get to Australia? And why are they only there?" I believe that after the Flood was over the oceans were smaller than they are today. Today, over 70% of the Earth's surface is under water. I don't think it was that way right after Noah got off the Ark. If you look at this map you can see that England and Ireland were part of France. If you lowered the water just a few hundred feet, everything would dry up in between England and France. That was probably the beach line way out there. You can see it from this satellite view. If you look very carefully you can see that's England and Ireland there. You can see under the water and see under the beach line, where it used to be. The water is really very shallow along there. Between Alaska and Russia the water is only 60 feet (20 m) deep. About from here to that pole. Only 60 feet. If you lowered the oceans by 60 feet then Russia and Alaska would be connected. If you raised the oceans all of Central America would flood. If you raised the oceans just 10% then this is what America would look like. One little island over in Appalachia and all the Rocky Mountain area - and that is it.All of Central United States would be flooded. Did you know that Chicago is only 600 feet (200 m) above sea level? 600 feet - you know, from here to the stop sign - two football fields. That is how high Chicago is above sea level. If you lowered the oceans by a few hundred feet then Florida would be huge. Cuba would be annexed to Florida. I believe that during the end of the Flood as the oceans filled in everything stabilized. And then the ice caps melted back raising the ocean levels even more. Probably the Atlantic Ocean got too full and spilled over into the Gulf of Mexico. We'll cover more on that in a minute. Pensacola Bay and Mobile Bay are about seven feet deep. You can stand up just about any place out there. If you lowered the waters by a few hundred feet then Australia would be connected to Vietnam. The water between Australia and Vietnam is very shallow. So, the kangaroos, people ask, "How did the kangaroos get to Australia?" "Uhh, they hopped." That is how they get everywhere. You see, kangaroos, koalas, and wombats are nonaggressive. Compared to tigers they are just not very aggressive. So when animals got off the Ark over here in Turkey where it landed, they are going to start spreading out and establishing their territory. So the kangaroos are at home raising their family and all of the sudden the tigers come in, "Rrrr - I want this property!" So they say, O.K. So, rather than fight, they run, if possible. Less aggressive animals would have been pushed to the migration fringe. A kangaroo would rather run than fight. And they ended up over generations, possibly a hundred years or so, they would keep spreading out. And those that don't run get killed. And they end up in Australia, down here. But at the same time, while they are being pushed to the edge of the migration fringe ... the water is coming up because the ice caps are melting back. And as the ice caps melt back, the water comes up, and all of a sudden, Australia is protected from additional migrations. Now Australia is an island. Long ago it used to be a part of the mainland. And they just got as far away from the tigers as they could get, and that is where they got stuck in Australia. And we have a continental shelf today because of the ice melting back adding depth to the oceans. If the Earth was shrunk down to the size of this globe you could not even find Mount Everest. Have you ever seen those globes where you can feel the bumps on them? You can feel the mountains? That is baloney. They have to greatly exagerrate those mountains. If you shrank the Earth down to the size of a cue ball to play pool with, the Earth would be rounder and smoother than the cue ball. A 5 mile (8 km) mountain on an 8,000 mile (12,700 km) diameter Earth is insignificant. Raising the oceans completely changes the shapes of the continents. And so does lowering the oceans. I think that these erosion canyons happened after the Flood. Minneapolis, for example, is 670 feet (204 m) above sea level. Well, the Mississippi River runs from Minneapolis to New Orleans. That is about 1,150 miles away. As it runs the Mississippi River drops 670 feet in 1,150 miles. That is 7 inches every mile. (10 cm per 1 km.) The Mississippi has to run a full mile to drop seven inches. That is a very low, gentle slope. If you built a dam across the Grand Canyon a really big lake would fill in behind it. Textbooks say, "Over millions of years the Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon from solid rock." I don't think so. I have studied the Grand Canyon pretty actively. The Grand Canyon had to be formed as a result of enormous erosion, as we covered in Seminar #4. And also as you saw in Walt Brown's hydroplate theory video clip there. The Grand Canyon is kind of puzzling because the Colorado River loops back and forth. But it also has steep sides. Now a looping river like the Mississippi is usually an indication of a low slope. Gradually sloping ground so the river loops back and forth. Steep sides usually indicates fast moving river on high slope. The Grand Canyon has both steep sides and loops and meanders. The evolutionists say, "Wow, I wonder how that river made that canyon?" "Ahh, the river didn't make that canyon." The Flood made the Grand Canyon. And it did so very, very quickly. One catastrophe can really rearrange the real estate. In 1964 there was an earthquake in Alaska that dropped sections of neighborhoods down 40 or 50 feet (15 m)! I was at Turnagain Heights, preaching up there, near Anchorage, Alaska. The incredible damage done up there in just a few seconds - to that community. When Mount St. Helens blew its top the whole north side of the mountain slid down into the valley. My sister lived up near there when it happened. The whole top of the mountain slid off to the side, it uncorked the volcano, allowing steam and ash to shoot out. At about 100 miles (160 km) per hour - this ash cloud covered the countryside. My sister got about six inches (15 cm) in her yard. Sixty some people died as a result of Mount St. Helens erupting and blowing all this ash and steam all over the neighborhood. Some of the ash landed in New York City. Most of it landed in this pattern you can see on this map. Mount St. Helens - the day of the devastation. There were pyroclastic flows that flowed where the red is indicated there. Mud flow deposits is where the brown is. Debris avalanche deposits. The lateral blast - just the blast of steam, the energy coming out - knocked trees down in the whole light brown area there. And Mount St. Helens was a small volcano, by volcano standards. It was nothing like Mt. Krakatoa in Indonesia. As the swirling mass came down the mountainside it automatically sorted into layers. This mud flow flowing down the mountain covered up blocks of ice that were blown off the volcano when the eruption took place. Here is a semi-truck half-buried in mud. It blew enough mud out that every person on Earth could have one ton of it. You could fill a ten cubic yard dump truck every second, 24 hours a day for 600 years. That is how much mud was moved out of that volcano. As the mud flowed down, it flowed over blocks of ice that were as big as a house, because they were blown off the volcano. It used to be covered by glaciers. It was a beautiful, beautiful mountain. These blocks of ice, under this hot mud, exploded, making erosion pits. This happened in a few seconds. Now some teacher is going to bring his kids here someday and say, "Boys and girls, do you see this erosion on the side of this pit? This took millions of years." No teacher. My daddy saw this happen. It took about 50 seconds. The landslide of May 18, 1980, buried the Toutle River and the highway ... going up to Spirit Lake to an average depth of 100 feet (30 m). It also buried most other drainages in the 23 square miles of the upper Toutle Valley and plugged the river's mouth. For 22 months the water had no established path to the lower waterway. Then on March 19, 1982, and eruption melted a large snow pack that had accumulated in the crater over the winter. The waters mixed with loose material on the slopes of the mountain. It created an enormous mud flow. In nine hours, while no one watched, as it happened over night, the mudflow carved an intricate system of drainages over much of the valley and re-opened the way to the Pacific Ocean. The drainages included at least three canyons 100 feet (30 m) deep. One is nicknamed the "Little Grand Canyon of the Toutle", because it is a 1/40th scale model of the Grand Canyon. The water had been backed up behind the mudslide. When it got too deep, it went over the top. The water carved out canyons in a hurry. One canyon is 1,000 feet (300 m) wide, 140 feet (45 m) deep. It happened in a few hours. Once water starts going over a dam it will erode out things very, very quickly. You've got one right near here, Grassy Valley, north of Dayton, Tennessee. Where all the water drains down into a big hole and comes out about eight miles away, in a cave in, not too far from Dayton.I went spleunking in there with Kurt Weise, Who teaches up there at Bryant College. We spent many years studying this. This used to be a cave that probably went all the way down to the Chattanooga area; it has now all collapsed back. Just about five miles of it is left, is all. If you go south of Columbus, Georgia, there is a town called, Lumpkin, Georgia. There is a huge canyon area there. It is now a state park. It started, they think, back in 1830 from a Methodist Church that did not put gutters on their building back in 1830. It started as a small gulley. It got bigger and bigger. Now it is several hundred acres of eroded ground. It started in 1830. When you go down into the canyons near Mount St. Helens you will see that erosion is incredible there. Looking at the sides of the canyons you will see nice neat stratified layers. They say, "Wait a minute, all this mud flowed in here at one time. So why is it stratified?" Well, because moving mud automatically stratifies. Get a jar of dirt. Add some water. Shake it up, and set it down. It settles into layers for you. At the bottom of that big canyon is a little tiny creek called the Toutle River. About from me to that tv right there - 20 feet (7 m) wide. That little river did not make that big canyon. And that little river at the bottom of the Grand Canyon did not make the Grand Canyon either. It was formed by a lot more water than that. So, the textbooks are lying to you when they say that the Colorado River made the Grand Canyon. Mount St. Helens, when it blew, also blew down bazillions of trees all over the neighborhood. Trees were blown down - it was unbelieveable how many trees were blown down. They blocked up rivers - just incredible damage. Look at these huge semi-trucks next to the giant trees out there in Oregon and Washington State. The trees were hauled out - as many as they could - they hauled out thousands and thousands of treesfor the next several years. And just rescued about 10% of the wood. So many trees were blown into Spirit Lake that it was possible to walk across the lake. 2,000 acres of floating wood on Spirit Lake. Scuba divers went under this giant floating log mat and noticed something very interesting. Some of the trees are floating in the upright position. They're getting waterlogged, and the root end sinks down. Then, as they are floating in this upright position, they slowly sink and get stuck in the mud on the bottom. Hmm. . . Many of these trees from Mount St. Helens that were floating in Spirit Lake are already being covered by sediments. The wood is beginning to petrify, and it just happened 20 years ago. Often times, all over the world, petrified trees are found in the vertical position. They are petrified, standing up, and running through multiple rock layers. The Flood is the only explanation for that. We cover much more on that on video number four. In Seminar Four we cover petrified trees in the standing position. When that petrified tree falls down, it is going to break up into logs. I don't know if you ever cut down a tree for firewood or not, but when you cut a tree down, it does not break up into logs for you automatically. How many of you noticed that phenomenon when you cut the tree down? It had to happen when the tree was petrified standing, and then fell over, as the dirt eroded away from it. Scuba divers here are going under this log mat to see what is going on. The logs are bouncing into each other as the wind blows around. That knocks all the bark off. At the bottom of Spirit Lake is a layer of bark about three feet thick. If it gets buried by any more debris it's going to turn into coal. Atheists say, "Well, it takes millions of years to form coal." "No it doesn't. Coal can be formed in a few hours." There have been many experiments done where they form coal very quickly. During the Flood you would get log mats as big as Texas floating around. Where lots of insects could survive for the whole Flood, by the way. Where a human could not. Insects could survive the Flood outside the ark. These log mats are going to float around and leave behind a debris trail. It is interesting that coal is nearly always found in layers. Seams. Coal seams, like in Kentucky or Illinois. I debated Eugenia Scott the president of an atheist organization. She said that there are 80 layers of coal in the Midwest. She is right. She said that if you look at the amount of coal in the world, the entire biomass, Or all the plants of the world today could not form that much fossil fuel. She is right again. She said, "Don't you see? There had to be a lot of time to make all this coal." No, she is wrong about that. What there were was big log mats floating around during the flood, they would drift back and forth with the tides and the wind, and they would leave behind debris trails. Debris trails of logs, wood, bark, all falling into various layers. And you could have get 80 layers of coal in one Flood. There is a coal mine in Montana where the coal is 200 feet (70 m) thick. It covers 10,000 square miles. In the roof of one coal mine they find dinosaur tracks. In digging out the coal, when looking up at the ceiling, there are dinosaur tracks in the ceiling. Well, during the flood the dinosaurs were walking around. Probably in shallow water stepping on all this debris and rotting wood. They left their tracks behind which got filled in by sediments right after they got there. Petrified trees in Alabama are standing up, running through two different coal seams. Oftentimes when digging around the coal seams come together, branching coal seams. This is absolute proof that they formed very quickly. They are not millions of years different in age. This coal mine in Montana is 200 feet (70 m) thick. And human made artifacts are found in coal from time to time. Here is a bell found inside a lump of coal. Here is a vessel found in solid rock, supposed to be "600 million years old." A lady in Illinois broke open a lump of coal and found a gold chain inside, 10 inches (25 cm) long. A carved stone was found in a coal mine in Iowa. Here is an iron pot found in a coal mine in Oklahoma. Here is the sole of a shoe found in Nevada, from inside a piece of coal. The Bible says that the waters asswaged, or sank down. And the waters returned from off the Earth continually. If a section of the Earth sank down, the water would rush in to fill in the hole. But then it would slosh back and forth for awhile. There would be tidal waves going back and forth. The Bible says in Genesis 8 that the waters were "going and returning." The Hebrew phrase, "Halak-va-shub", going and returning. I believe that layers of sedimentary mud were laid out during the Flood. And then the mountains arose and the valleys sank down. They would get bent and twisted. And then erosion would take off some of the surface, depositing more layers on top. That is why we have what is called an unconformity in geology. This is best explained by Noah's Flood. The Bible says that the Ark rested in the seventh month. Noah did not get out until the thirteenth month. They stayed in for six extra months, why? Well, for one thing there is nothing to eat outside. Two, the ground was still muddy, and the water was still going and returning. It was not safe to get out of the boat yet. Probably Noah hit bottom, cut off the anchor stones. And the ark got picked up and moved a few miles, and was resettled again by another wave coming back as the waters were going and returning. We cover the Noah's Ark anchor stones on video number 3 in our series. And there was nothing outside to build a house with anyway. The Bible says that the waters decreased continually. So in the Hovind Theory, the ice caps gradually melted back, slowly raising the ocean levels. During the first few hundred years there was time to spread out around the world. God came down and confused the languages at the Tower of Babel. People said, "I'm out of here," took off and spread around the world. They had kids and grandkids and over a few hundred years the water came up, and they ended up trapped where they are today. There is a great book about the spreading of populations around the world after the Flood. This book is called "Noah to Abram- the turbulent years". It's in our catalog; you can order that.. So people came across to America from both sides. The came across the Bering Strait. And you could walk from England, to Iceland, to Greenland, and to America, if the water was lower. As the ice caps melt back they leave behind the obvious features that we see. Yes, there really was an ice age best explained by the Flood. And then in the days of Peleg the Earth was divided. Peleg was born 100 years after the Flood. I think his Daddy named him that - because something had changed. There are four theories of what "the days of Peleg" means. What does it mean, "divided"? What was divided? One theory is the languages and nations were divided at the Tower of Babel. The second theory is that the continents moved. I don't buy that one. The third theory is the water came up from melting ice. That would divide the continents. (That is the category that I would believe.) The number four theory is that the land was surveyed. There got to be so many people, they said, "Look,let's just draw some lines on the ground here.This is my yard, and that is your yard. Let's put a rock right here and a rock right here." They started surveying and dividing the land up. As the melting ice went into the oceans, oceans ended up deeper, wider, and colder. Cold water absorbs CO2. That would take away some of the green house protection. And life spans were shorter. The deepest point in the English Channel is only 150 feet deep. Not even from here to the back wall. So, we get these ideas, "Wow, it is blue, therefore it is water." Yeah, it is, but some of it is deep and some of it is not very deep. I think the Flood is the best explanation for that. As the oceans filled in, it would gradually get too full and flow over into the Mediterranean Sea. Probably the Straits of Gibraltar were washed out as the waters flowed over and back-filled the Mediterranean. Then it got too full and back-filled past Sicily. Maybe that is why they are finding underwater cities. For the first few hundred years people would be building their cities in some of these areas. And then suddenly the waters start moving in and coming up. "Hey, guys, we have got to get out of here!" They had to abandon their cities. Underwater cities are found in quite a few places. As the water filled in the Black Sea, they had to abandon the whole civilization there. Underwater cities were found in the Black Sea - under 150 feet of water.They didn't build them there. And today the Earth still shows the effects of this Flood to remind us God hates sin. Whenever you are pumping gas your into your car you can think, "Boy, this came as a result of Noah's Flood." The electricity running these lights is powered by coal probably. They are burning up some of trees that were growing in the Garden of Eden in the pre-flood world. Every time you see articles about dinosaur bones in the paper, it can remind you of the Flood in the days of Noah. God left enough evidence behind that anybody with a brain can look around and think, "Boy, God, you hate sin; I better live for you." Satan has worked very hard to take all the evidence from the planet that shows God's Flood and he has twisted it around. Children today are being taught that the evidence shows evolution. Satan has taken what God has created as evidence and twisted it around. I will leave you with this fossil in your mind here. This is a fossil of a fish swallowing another fish. Either that or the little one is a dentist. I don't know. Neither one thought they were going to die that day. The big one had the little one halfway down and the Flood came, and the mud probably covered them up, and they died. The Bible says that it is appointed unto man once to die but after this the judgment. Harry Truman lived right on the side of Mount St. Helens. Tim Berends, a friend of mine from St. Louis, told me he witnessed to Harry to try to get him saved. But Harry would not listen. Harry cussed and swore and he listened, but he did not get saved. The officials came in and said, "Harry, you live on the side of a volcano, Mount St. Helens." "This volcano is going to explode. We would like you to move." Harry said, "I've been living here all of my life, and I'm staying right here." And he did. Harry stayed right there. He died. Harry is one of those they never found after the explosion. Isn't that stupid to live on the side of a volcano that is about to explode and refuse to move? He would not listen to the warning. That is just as stupid as to know that God sent his angels, and his messengers, and his Bible to say, "Hey, this world is going to get destroyed, you better get saved." But people say, "I don't want to get saved. I want to stay right here." Well, duhhh, you're as dumb as Harry. You ought to give your heart to the Lord and get saved. O.K.? Harry refused to accept Christ. As far as we know he is in Hell today. I hope not, but that is as far as we know. The Bible says that he that hath the Son hath life, and He who does not hath the Son does not have life. God is not willing that any should perish. If you are here today and you are not saved, God wants you to be saved. He wants to forgive your sin. He wants to take you to heaven when you die. But just like it was in the days of Noah, the Bible says, so shall it be when the Son of Man comes back. They were eating and drinking and marrying, and giving in marriage. They don't care - we have the same thing today. Until the Flood came and took them all away. So shall the coming of the Son of Man be. Jesus is coming very soon. We must all appear before the Judgment Seat of Christ. Knowing therefore the terror of the Lord, we persuade men. I recommend that you get busy and say, "God, use me for something. I want to persuade somebody to go to heaven." He is coming quickly. What are you doing with your life? If you want to be saved and if you want someone to explain to you how to go to heaven, we will have an invitation at the end of this tape. We will show you what the Bible says about how you can go to heaven. We hope you've enjoyed this video series on Creation, Evolution and Dinosaurs. Much more important, though, than knowing all the truth and facts about science is to know the truth about whether you're going to Heaven or not. If you've never trusted Christ as your Savior, let me explain quickly what you need to do to go to Heaven. The Bible says we're all sinners. We've all broken God's laws. We've disobeyed the Creator. We've done wicked things. We're sinners. Some are worse than others, at least in man's eyes. But we've all broken God's laws. And the Bible says you have to repent. The word "repent" means to turn, it actually means two things: to turn from your sin and to turn to God. God's looking for a change in your attitude where you say, "Lord, I don't want to do wrong anymore. I'm sorry I've offended you. I want to do right." And you turn from sin, and you turn to God and say, "God, would you please forgive me? Would you save me?" The Bible says in Romans chapter 3, verse 23: "For all have sinned and come short of the glory of God." You need to admit you're a sinner. Number Two: The Bible says in Romans 6:23, "The wages of sin is death." We deserve to die and go to hell because of our sin. But, Jesus died for you. He loves you. He wants you to come to Heaven. And anybody that will ask Him for free salvation, God will give you the gift of eternal life, it says in Romans 6:23. It's a free gift. And it says in Romans chapter 10 and verse 13, "Whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved". If you would just call and say, "Lord, I'm a sinner. Would you please forgive me?" And ask Him. He will give you that free gift of eternal life. Why don't you just pray with me right now. And you could receive Christ as your Savior? There's no magic words. God's looking at your heart. But if you could say this and mean it, God would forgive you. Just say, "Dear Lord Jesus, I know that I'm a sinner. I've broken your laws. I'm sorry. Please forgive me. Please apply your blood to my account. Forgive my sins and take me to Heaven. In Jesus' name, Amen." The Bible says, "If you call upon the Lord, you shall be saved." So if you've asked the Lord to save you, He promised He'd save you. Now your job is to grow. Read your Bible, pray, and get involved in a good Bible-believing church. And begin to grow to be a good Christian. Thank you so much. Call or write if we can be any help at all. We'd be glad to help. For more information: Creation Science Evangelism, P.O. Box 37338, Pensacola, FL. 32503 USA That's 1-850-479-3466. Or visit us online at: www.drdino.com END of Seminar 6 - Dr. Kent Hovind - www.drdino.com - [Ed.13.5]